• Rafael Hurtado-Ruzza, Óscar Álvarez-Calderón-Iglesias, Ricardo Becerro-de-Bengoa-Vallejo, César Calvo-Lobo, Marta San-Antolín, Marta Elena Losa-Iglesias, Carlos Romero-Morales, and Daniel López-López.
• MD, PhD. Research, Health and Podiatry Group, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing and Podiatry, Universidade da Coruña, Ferrol, Spain; and Otolaryngologist, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Complexo Hospitalario de Ourense, Ourense, Spain.
• Sao Paulo Med J. 2022 Mar 1; 140 (2): 207-212.

BackgroundAnxiety and depression are the most prevalent mental disorders worldwide. However, the exact mechanisms linking chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with depression and anxiety have not been identified.ObjectivesTo compare self-reported depression and anxiety among patients diagnosed with COPD in relation to healthy controls.Design And SettingCase control study at a public hospital institution in Spain.MethodsWe designed a case-control study. Patients were recruited using a consecutive sampling method from a single institution. Two groups were created: COPD and healthy controls. Data on medical history and demographic background were collected from the medical records. Self-reported depression levels were assessed using Beck's depression inventory (BDI). Self-reported anxiety was measured using the State-trait anxiety inventory (STAI).ResultsFifty-two patients with COPD and fifty healthy patients were included in this study. BDI scores were higher for COPD patients (10.23 ± 6.26) than in the control group (5.2 ± 6.56). STAI-state scores were higher for COPD patients (41.85 ± 12.55) than for controls (34.88 ± 9.25). STAI-trait scores were higher for COPD patients (41.42 ± 10.01) than for controls (34.62 ± 9.19).ConclusionsThis study showed that there were higher levels of depression and anxiety among COPD patients than among healthy controls.

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