• Lucile Equey, Philipp K A Agyeman, Rosemarie Veraguth, Serge Rezzi, Luregn J Schlapbach, Eric Giannoni, and Swiss Pediatric Sepsis Study Group.
• Department Mother-Woman-Child, Clinic of Neonatology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
• Pediatr Crit Care Me. 2022 May 1; 23 (5): 390-394.

ObjectivesTo determine circulating levels of ascorbic acid (VitC) and thiamine (VitB1) in neonates and children with blood culture-proven sepsis.DesignNested single-center study of neonates and children prospectively included in the Swiss Pediatric Sepsis Study.SettingOne tertiary care academic hospital.PatientsSixty-one neonates and children 0-16 years old.InterventionsNone.Measurements And Main ResultsVitC and VitB1 were quantified in serum of patients (median age, 10.5 mo; interquartile range [IQR], 0.5-62.1 mo) with blood culture-proven sepsis. Median time between sepsis onset and sampling for measurement of vitamins was 3 days (IQR, 2-4 d). Median serum levels of VitC and VitB1 were 32.4 μmol/L (18.9-53.3 μmol/L) and 22.5 nmol/L (12.6-82 nmol/L); 36% of the patients (22/61) had low VitC and 10% (6/61) had VitC deficiency; and 72% (44/61) had low VitB1 and 13% (8/61) had VitB1 deficiency. Children with low VitC were older (p = 0.007) and had higher C-reactive protein (p = 0.004) compared with children with VitC within the normal range. Children with low VitB1 levels were older (p = 0.0009) and were less frequently receiving enteral or parenteral vitamin supplementation (p = 0.0000003) compared with children with normal VitB1 levels.ConclusionsIn this cohort of newborns and children with sepsis, low and deficient VitC and VitB1 levels were frequently observed. Age, systemic inflammation, and vitamin supplementation were associated with vitamin levels during sepsis.Copyright © 2022 by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies.

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