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Internal medicine journal · Jul 2023
Self-reported child maltreatment and cardio-metabolic risk in 30-year-old adults.
- Stephen Kisely, Dan Siskind, James G Scott, and Jake M Najman.
- Metro South Addiction and Mental Health Service, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
- Intern Med J. 2023 Jul 1; 53 (7): 112111301121-1130.
BackgroundChildhood maltreatment (CM) is associated with both dietary fat intake and obesity in later life. There is less information on associations with metabolic risk factors and specific types of CM such as physical, sexual and emotional abuse, as well as neglect.AimsTo assess the association between five types of self-reported CM and a range of obesity and metabolic indicators in a subsample of a birth cohort.MethodsThis was a study of 1689 adults born in a major metropolitan maternity hospital in Australia and followed up 30 years later. Body mass index, bioimpedance and fasting lipid levels/insulin resistance were measured. Details on self-reported CM were collected using the Child Trauma Questionnaire. We adjusted for birth weight, parental income and relationship at participants' birth, as well as maternal age and alcohol or tobacco use. We also adjusted for participants' smoking, depression, educational level, marital and employment status at follow up.ResultsOne-fifth reported maltreatment (n = 362), most commonly emotional neglect (n = 175), followed by emotional abuse (n = 128), physical neglect (n = 123), sexual (n = 121) and physical abuse (n = 116). On adjusted analyses, there were significant associations for CM, particularly neglect or emotional abuse, and one or more of the following outcomes: obesity, the total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TC/HDL-C) ratio and HDL levels. Results for other outcomes were more equivocal.ConclusionsOf child maltreatment types, emotional abuse and neglect show the strongest associations with obesity and several cardiometabolic risk factors, therefore highlighting the public health importance of early intervention to reduce childhood adversity.© 2022 The Authors. Internal Medicine Journal published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Royal Australasian College of Physicians.
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