• Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg · Dec 2022

    Accelerated wound healing and its promoting effects of topical codeine on the healing of full-thickness cutaneous wound, evidences for modulating cytokines involved in pain, inflammation and collagen biosynthesis.

    • Zhila Mahmoudi and Mohammad Reza Farahpour.
    • Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran.
    • Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg. 2022 Dec 1; 48 (6): 473547444735-4744.

    IntroductionThe inflammation and pain occur in all the wounds. Opioids drugs decrease pain and may act as an anti-inflammation. The current study was conducted to investigate the efficiency of the topical uses of Codeine on full-thickness excision wound models by focusing on relationship between pain mediators, inflammation and wound healing rate.MethodsFollowing the induction of anesthesia, a skin wound with a size of 7-mm punch was induced on the dorsal surfaces of each mouse. The mice were divided into five categories: groups I-III were daily administered 2.5%, 5%, and 10% Codeine gel; those in group IV were administered phenytoin cream, and group V (controls) received base ointment. To assess the effects of Codeine gel on the wound healing process, the wound area, histological parameters, and the relative protein expression of CXCR1, CXCR2, IL-6, IL-6R, PDGF, PDGFR, and COL1A along with the plasma concentrations of IL-1β, IL-10, and TNF-α were investigated on days 3, 7, and 14.ResultsOn days 7 and 14, the wound area was significantly lower in the treated mice compared to the controls (P < 0.05). Angiogenesis, collagen deposition, and epithelium thickness were significantly higher in the treatment groups compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The relative protein expressions of CXCR1, CXCR2, IL-6, and IL-6R and the plasma concentrations of IL-1β and TNF-α were significantly lower in the treated groups. Meanwhile, the relative protein expressions of PDGF, PDGFR, and COL1A and the plasma concentration of IL-10 were significantly higher in the treated mice (P < 0.05).ConclusionAdministration of Codeine gel accelerated wound healing through decreasing the pain mediators, inflammation and promoting proliferative phase.© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany.

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