• Ajaya Basnet, Arun Bahadur Chand, Lok Bahadur Shrestha, Nayanum Pokhrel, Lochan Karki, ShresthaSailendra Kumar DuwalSKDDepartment of Orthopaedic and Trauma Services, Nepal Armed Police Force Hospital, Kathmandu, Bagmati, Nepal., Basanta Tamang, Mahendra Raj Shrestha, Maina Dulal, and Junu Richhinbung Rai.
• Department of Medical Microbiology, Shi-Gan International College of Science and Technology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal.
• JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc. 2022 Mar 11; 60 (247): 294-298.

IntroductionSimultaneous infection of antibiotic-resistant uropathogens in patients with COVID-19 has necessitated the revision of the prescription of broad-spectrum antibiotics on the grounds of evidence-based studies and antimicrobial stewardship principles. The objective of this study was to find out the prevalence of uropathogenic Escherichia coli co-infection among hospital-admitted COVID-19 patients of a tertiary care centre.MethodsThis descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in urinary tract infection suspected COVID-19 patients admitted to a tertiary care hospital, from 25th June to 24th December 2021 after ethical clearance from the Institutional Review Committee with registration number 207707860. Convenience sampling was used. Serum procalcitonin levels were also measured. Data analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software version 17.0. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data, and mean and standard deviation for continuous data.ResultsAmong the 49 hospital-admitted COVID-19 patients, 3 (6.12%) (0.59-12.83 at 95% Confidence Interval) were co-infected with uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Absolute non-susceptibility of Escherichia coli to antibiotics such as ceftriaxone, cotrimoxazole, nalidixic acid, gentamicin, and ampicillin was observed. All isolates were multidrug-resistant. All co-infected patients were female and had a median age of 35 years. Mean±SD value for procalcitonin in patients with co-infection (6.13±7.88 ng/ml) was six times higher than for the patients without co-infection (0.95±1.11 ng/ml).ConclusionsEscherichia coli co-infection in hospitalised COVID-19 patients was less frequent as compared to published literature. The serum procalcitonin value in patients with co-infection was substantially higher than that of patients without co-infection.Keywordsantimicrobial drug resistance; co-infection; COVID-19; Escherichia coli; procalcitonin.

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