• Antonio P Nassar, Letícia V F Archanjo, Otavio T Ranzani, Fernando G Zampieri, SalluhJorge I FJIFDepartment of Critical Care, D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil., Genes F R Cavalcanti, Carlos E N Moreira, William N Viana, Roberto Costa, Ulisses O Melo, Christian N Roderjan, Thiago D Correa, Samantha L S de Almeida, AzevedoLuciano C PLCPICU, Hospital Sírio Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil., Marcelo O Maia, Victor S Cravo, Fernando A Bozza, Pedro Caruso, and Márcio Soares.
• ICU, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: paulo.nassar@accamargo.org.br.
• J Crit Care. 2022 Oct 1; 71: 154077.

PurposeStudies of critically ill hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients have mainly been single-center and focused on allogenic HSCT recipients. We aimed to describe a cohort of autologous HSCT with an unplanned intensive care unit (ICU) admission.MethodsThis study is a retrospective cohort study of autologous HSCT performed as a treatment for a hematological malignancy, during their first unplanned ICU admission in 50 hospitals in Brazil. We assessed the hospital mortality and the association between mechanical ventilation, vasopressors, and renal replacement therapy and hospital mortality in autologous HSCT recipients, adjusted for potential confounders.ResultsWe included 301 patients. Multiple myeloma was the most common malignancy driving to HSCT. ICU and hospital mortality were 22.9% and 37.5%, respectively. After adjustment for potential confounders, mechanical ventilation (OR = 9.10; CI 95%, 4.82-17.15) was associated with hospital mortality, but vasopressors (OR = 1.43; CI 95%, 0.77-2.64) and renal replacement therapy (OR = 1.30; CI 95%, 0.63-2.66) were not.ConclusionsIn this large cohort of critically ill autologous HSCT recipients, mechanical ventilation was the only organ support-therapy associated with increased mortality in autologous HSCT recipients.Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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