• Erminio Santangelo, Silvia Mongodi, Bélaid Bouhemad, and Francesco Mojoli.
• Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.
• Curr Opin Crit Care. 2022 Jun 1; 28 (3): 322-330.

Purpose Of ReviewDue to heart, lung and diaphragm interactions during weaning from mechanical ventilation, an ultrasound integrated approach may be useful in the detection of dysfunctions potentially leading to weaning failure. In this review, we will summarize the most recent advances concerning the ultrasound applications relevant to the weaning from mechanical ventilation.Recent FindingsThe role of ultrasonographic examination of heart, lung and diaphragm has been deeply investigated over the years. Most recent findings concern the ability of lung ultrasound in detecting weaning induced pulmonary edema during spontaneous breathing trial. Furthermore, in patients at high risk of cardiac impairments, global and anterolateral lung ultrasound scores have been correlated with weaning and extubation failure, whereas echocardiographic indexes were not. For diaphragmatic ultrasound evaluation, new indexes have been proposed for the evaluation of diaphragm performance during weaning, but further studies are needed to validate these results.SummaryThe present review summarizes the potential role of ultrasonography in the weaning process. A multimodal integrated approach allows the clinician to comprehend the pathophysiological processes of weaning failure.Copyright © 2022 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

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