• Rita Kallab, Roberta Sudy, Andre Dos Santos Rocha, John Diaper, Ferenc Petak, Keli BarcelosGleicyGDivision of Anaesthesiology, Department of Anaesthesiology, Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland., and Walid Habre.
• Unit for Anaesthesiological Investigations, Department of Anaesthesiology, Pharmacology, Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
• Paediatr Anaesth. 2022 Oct 1; 32 (10): 1129-1137.

BackgroundWhile non-invasive assessment of macro- and micro-circulation has the promise to optimize anesthesia management, evidence is lacking for the relationship between invasive and non-invasive measurements of cardiac output and microcirculatory indices.AimsWe aimed to compare the abilities of non-invasive techniques to detect changes in macro- and micro-circulation following deep anesthesia and subsequent restoration of the compromised hemodynamic by routinely used vasopressors in a randomized experimental study.MethodsA 20%-25% drop in mean arterial pressure was induced by sevoflurane in anesthetized mechanically ventilated just-weaned piglets (n = 12) prior to the administration of vasopressors in random order (dopamine, ephedrine, noradrenaline, and phenylephrine). Simultaneous transpulmonary thermodilution cardiac output assessment with the invasive pulse index continuous contour (PiCCO) method was compared with non-invasive estimates obtained with electrical conductivity (ICON) and echo Doppler (Cardio Q). Changes in microcirculation were characterized by sublingual red blood cell velocity, jugular cerebral venous oxygen saturation, and arterial lactate.Main Outcome MeasuresCardiac output indices obtained by invasive and non-invasive methods.ResultsChanges in cardiac output measured invasively and non-invasively correlated significantly after sevoflurane (r = .78, p = .003 and r = .76, p = .006 between PiCCO and ICON or Cardio Q, respectively). Following the administration of vasopressors, invasive and non-invasive cardiac output assessments were unrelated with significant correlations observed only between PiCCO and ICON after dopamine and ephedrine. Sevoflurane-induced hypotension decreased jugular cerebral venous oxygen saturation significantly and was recovered by all vasopressors. Sevoflurane and vasopressors had no effect on red blood cell velocity, which increased only after dopamine. No consistent changes in lactate were observed during the study period.ConclusionsThe results of this study suggest that non-invasive cardiac output measurements may not accurately reflect changes in macrocirculation after hemodynamic optimization by vasopressors. Due to the incoherence between macro- and micro-circulation, monitoring microcirculation is essential to guide patient management.© 2022 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

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