• Paul J Young, Diane Mackle, Carol Hodgson, Rinaldo Bellomo, Michael Bailey, Richard Beasley, Adam M Deane, Glenn Eastwood, Simon Finfer, Ross Freebairn, Victoria King, Natalie Linke, Edward Litton, Colin McArthur, Shay McGuinness, Rakshit Panwar, and ICU-ROX Investigators and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society Clinical Trials Group.
• Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand; Intensive Care Unit, Wellington Hospital, Wellington, New Zealand; Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. Electronic address: paul.young@ccdhb.org.nz.
• J Crit Care. 2022 Oct 1; 71: 154079.

PurposeTo compare the effect of conservative vs. liberal oxygen therapy in mechanically ventilated adults in the intensive care unit (ICU) with non-hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) acute brain pathologies.Materials And MethodsPost-hoc analysis of data from 217 patients with non-HIE acute brain pathologies included in the ICU Randomized Trial Comparing Two Approaches to OXygen therapy (ICU-ROX).ResultsPatients allocated to conservative oxygen spent less time with oxygen saturation ≥ 97% (50.5 [interquartile range (IQR), 18.5-119] vs. 82 h [IQR, 38-164], absolute difference, -31.5 h; 95%CI, -59.6 to -3.4). At 180 days, 38 of 110 conservative oxygen patients (34.5%) and 28 of 104 liberal oxygen patients (26.9%) had died (absolute difference, 7.6 percentage points; 95%CI, -4.7 to 19.9 percentage points; P = 0.23; interaction P = 0.02 for non-HIE acute brain pathologies vs. HIE; interaction P = 0.53 for non-HIE acute brain pathologies vs. non-neurological conditions).ConclusionsIn this post-hoc analysis, patients admitted to the ICU with non-HIE acute brain pathologies treated with conservative oxygen therapy did not have significantly lower mortality than those treated with liberal oxygen. A trial with adequate statistical power is needed to determine whether our day 180 mortality point estimate of treatment effect favoring liberal oxygen therapy indicates a true effect.Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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