• Yulong Yu, Huijun Wang, Qianqian Bao, Tao Zhang, Beini Chen, and Jinfeng Ding.
• Department of Anesthesiology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China.
• J. Cardiothorac. Vasc. Anesth. 2022 Sep 1; 36 (9): 3626-3633.

ObjectivesThis study aimed to compare the effect of sugammadex and neostigmine on neuromuscular block reversal and the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications in patients undergoing lung cancer resection.DesignA double-blind, randomized, prospective study.SettingA single major urban teaching and university hospital.ParticipantsOne hundred adult patients underwent elective radical resection of lung cancer under general anesthesia.InterventionsPatients were assigned into neostigmine (0.05 mg/kg) + atropine 0.02 mg/kg group and sugammadex (2 mg/kg) group.Measurements And Main ResultsThe primary outcomes were the incidence of any postoperative pulmonary complications, and the time to achieve 90% of train-of-four (TOF) after the administration of sugammadex or neostigmine. The secondary endpoints were the number of patients with TOF ratio (TOFr) <0.9 at the time of tracheal extubation, the incidence of readmission 30 days after discharge, and specific postoperative pulmonary complications. Results showed that the average time of recovery to TOFr ≥0.9 with sugammadex was 164.5 ± 27.7 seconds versus 562.9 ± 59.7 seconds with neostigmine + atropine treatment. Fewer sugammadex-treated patients did not achieve TOFr of 0.9 at the time of tracheal extubation than did neostigmine-treated participants. Patients in the sugammadex group had lower incidence of postoperative lung complications, and shorter durations of postanesthesia care unit stay and postoperative hospital stay than those in the neostigmine group. There was no significant difference in the incidence of readmission between the 2 groups.ConclusionsAdministration of sugammadex provided faster recovery of rocuronium-induced neuromuscular block when compared with neostigmine. Moreover, for patients undergoing lung cancer resection, administration of sugammadex could reduce the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications and duration of postoperative hospital stay.Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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