• Qitian Ou, Gengxin Cai, Yuan Zhou, Wanjie Zha, Linqiang Huang, Hongke Zeng, Wenqiang Jiang, Shenglong Chen, and Miaoyun Wen.
• The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
• BMC Anesthesiol. 2022 Jun 9; 22 (1): 178.

BackgroundDespite the extensive use of arterial catheterization (AC), clinical effectiveness of AC to alter the outcomes among patients with sepsis and septic shock has not been evaluated. The purpose of this study is to examine the association between the use of AC and in-hospital mortality in septic patients.MethodsAdult patients with sepsis from Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care database were screened to conduct this retrospective observational study. Propensity score matching (PSM) was employed to estimate the relationship between arterial catheterization (AC) and in-hospital mortality. Multivariable logistic regression and inverse probability of treatment weighing (IPTW) were used to validate our findings.ResultsA total of 14,509 septic patients without shock and 4,078 septic shock patients were identified. 3,489 pairs in sepsis patients without shock and 589 pairs in septic shock patients were yielded respectively after PSM. For patients in the sepsis without shock group, AC placement was associated with increased in-hospital mortality (OR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.17-1.54; p < 0.001). In the septic shock group, there was no significant difference in hospital mortality between AC group and non-AC group. The results of logistic regression and propensity score IPTW model support our findings.ConclusionsIn hemodynamically stable septic patients, AC is independently associated with higher in-hospital mortality, while in patients with septic shock, AC was not associated with improvements in hospital mortality.© 2022. The Author(s).

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