• Shou-Chi Chien, Po-Hsun Tu, Zhuo-Hao Liu, Ching-Chang Chen, Chien-Hung Liao, Chi-Hsun Hsieh, and Chih-Yuan Fu.
• Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung Medical College and University, 5, Fu-Hsing Street, Kwei Shan Township, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.
• Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg. 2022 Jun 1; 48 (3): 2173-2181.

PurposeMost mild traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) can be treated conservatively. However, some patients deteriorate during observation. Therefore, we tried to evaluate the characteristics of deterioration and requirement for further management in mild TBI patients.MethodsFrom 1/1/2017 to 12/31/2017, patients with mild TBI and positive results on CT scans of the brain were retrospectively studied. Patients with and without neurological deteriorations were compared. The characteristics of mild TBI patients with further neurological deterioration or the requirement for interventions were delineated.ResultsOne hundred ninety-two patients were enrolled. Twenty-three (12.0%) had neurological deteriorations. The proportions of deterioration occurring within 24 h, 48 h and 72 h were 23.5, 41.2 and 58%, respectively. Deteriorated patients were significantly older than those without neurological deteriorations (69.7 vs. 60.2; p = 0.020). More associated extracranial injuries were observed in deteriorated patients [injury severity score (ISS): 20.2 vs. 15.9; p = 0.005). Significantly higher proportions of intraventricular hemorrhage (8.7 vs. 1.2%; p = 0.018) and multiple lesions (78.3 vs. 53.8%; p = 0.027) were observed on the CT scans of patients with neurological deteriorations. Subset analysis showed that deteriorated patients who required neurosurgical interventions (N = 7) had significantly more initial GCS defects (13 or 14) (71.4 vs. 12.5%; p = 0.005) and more initial decreased muscle power of extremities (85.7 vs. 18.8%; p = 0.002).ConclusionMore attention should be given to mild TBI patients with older age, GCS defects, decreased muscle power of the extremities, multiple lesions on CT scans and other systemic injuries (high ISS). Most deteriorations occur within 72 h after trauma.© 2021. Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.

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