• Yu Jiao and Guofeng Wu.
• Department of Emergency Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China.
• World Neurosurg. 2022 Sep 1; 165: e265e275e265-e275.

ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the effects of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) in combination with rosiglitazone (RSG) on intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and determine the optimal time window.MethodsAn ICH rabbit model was constructed using the injection of autologous arterial blood and then treated with RSG, MIS, and MIS combined with RSG at 6, 12, 18, and 24 hours. Thereafter, rabbits that underwent different treatments were used to measure the neurological deficit score, brain water content, and glutamate content. Expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and CD36 in the different groups was detected using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. In addition, oxidative stress-related and inflammation-related genes were examined.ResultsBrain computed tomography indicated that an ICH rabbit model was successfully established. Compared to those in the control rabbits, the neurological deficit scores, brain water content, and glutamate content in the ICH rabbits were significantly increased at each time window (P < 0.05), while they were decreased at each time window after MIS combined with RSG treatment and declined to the lowest at 6 hours. Additionally, ICH significantly upregulated PPARγ and CD36 expression (P < 0.05). Moreover, superoxide dismutase content decreased after ICH, and nitric oxide synthase 2, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1 beta mRNA expression was upregulated, whereas MIS combined with RSG treatment reversed the levels caused by ICH.ConclusionsEvacuation of MIS hematoma combined with RSG infusion at an early stage (6 hours) may attenuate secondary brain damage caused by ICH by regulating the PPARγ/CD36 pathway.Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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