• Irene Chang, Karen Thomas, Lauran O'Neill Gutierrez, Sam Peters, Rachel Agbeko, Carly Au, Elizabeth Draper, Gareth A L Jones, Lee Elliot Major, Marzena Orzol, John Pappachan, Padmanabhan Ramnarayan, Samiran Ray, Zia Sadique, Doug W Gould, David A Harrison, Kathryn M Rowan, Paul R Mouncey, and Mark J Peters.
• Clinical Trials Unit, Intensive Care National Audit & Research Centre (ICNARC), London, United Kingdom.
• Pediatr Crit Care Me. 2022 Sep 1; 23 (9): 736744736-744.

ObjectivesOxygen administration is a fundamental part of pediatric critical care, with supplemental oxygen offered to nearly every acutely unwell child. However, optimal targets for systemic oxygenation are unknown. Oxy-PICU aims to evaluate the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a conservative peripheral oxygen saturation (Sp o2 ) target of 88-92% compared with a liberal target of more than 94%.DesignPragmatic, open, multiple-center, parallel group randomized control trial with integrated economic evaluation.SettingFifteen PICUs across England, Wales, and Scotland.PatientsInfants and children age more than 38 week-corrected gestational age to 16 years who are accepted to a participating PICU as an unplanned admission and receiving invasive mechanical ventilation with supplemental oxygen for abnormal gas exchange.InterventionAdjustment of ventilation and inspired oxygen settings to achieve an Sp o2 target of 88-92% during invasive mechanical ventilation.Measurements And Main ResultsRandomization is 1:1 to a liberal Sp o2 target of more than 94% or a conservative Sp o2 target of 88-92% (inclusive), using minimization with a random component. Minimization will be performed on: age, site, primary reason for admission, and severity of abnormality of gas exchange. Due to the emergency nature of the treatment, approaching patients for written informed consent will be deferred to after randomization. The primary clinical outcome is a composite of death and days of organ support at 30 days. Baseline demographics and clinical status will be recorded as well as daily measures of oxygenation and organ support, and discharge outcomes. This trial received Health Research Authority approval on December 23, 2019 (reference: 272768), including a favorable ethical opinion from the East of England-Cambridge South Research Ethics Committee (reference number: 19/EE/0362). Trial findings will be disseminated in national and international conferences and peer-reviewed journals.Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies.

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