• David C Cron, Naoka Murakami, Lingwei Xiang, James F Markmann, Heidi Yeh, and Joel T Adler.
• From the Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (Cron, Markmann, Yeh).
• J. Am. Coll. Surg. 2022 Jun 1; 234 (6): 999-1008.

BackgroundAt every stage in the transplantation process for a deceased-donor kidney, time means ischemia. Donation after circulatory death (DCD) kidneys are already subject to warm ischemia in the donor, but another underappreciated component of warm ischemia time is the time required for anastomosis prior to reperfusion. We studied the effect of anastomosis time (AT) on outcomes after DCD kidney transplantation.Study DesignThis is a retrospective study of the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients, including all US adult DCD kidney transplantation recipients from 2009 to 2015 (N = 6,397). Our exposure was AT (time out of cold storage until reperfusion, quartiles). Outcomes included delayed graft function (DGF), death-censored graft survival, and overall patient survival. Multivariable logistic and Cox regression quantified the association of AT with outcomes, adjusting for donor and recipient factors (including donor warm ischemia time).ResultsAT accounted for 67% of total warm ischemia time on average, with a median AT of 38 minutes (median total warm ischemia 56 minutes). Longer AT (fourth [≥48min] vs first quartile [≤30min]) was associated with increased DGF (odds ratio = 1.19, p = 0.024) and increased graft failure (hazard ratio = 1.21, p = 0.043) but was not associated with patient survival. Comparing patients with the longest vs shortest AT, adjusted DGF incidence was 44.0% vs 36.7% (p = 0.024), and 5-year graft survival was 84.8% vs 88.2% (p = 0.004).ConclusionProlonged AT is associated with worse graft outcomes in DCD kidney transplant recipients. Efforts to minimize rewarming during implantation and optimize AT may improve graft outcomes.Copyright © 2022 by the American College of Surgeons. Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

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