• Abdullah Malik, Mena Gewarges, Olivia Pezzutti, Katherine S Allan, Anas Samman, Leo E Akioyamen, Michael Ruiz, Angela Brijmohan, Manpreet Basuita, Dustin Tanaka, Damon Scales, Adriana Luk, Patrick R Lawler, Sanjog Kalra, and Paul Dorian.
• Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
• Resuscitation. 2022 Oct 1; 179: 172-182.

BackgroundExisting studies have shown conflicting results regarding the relationship of sex with survival after out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). This systematic review evaluates the association of female sex with survival to discharge and survival to 30 days after non-traumatic OHCA.MethodsWe searched Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews from inception through June 2021 for studies evaluating female sex as a predictor of survival in adult patients with non-traumatic cardiac arrest. Random-effects inverse variance meta-analyses were performed to calculate pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). The GRADE approach was used to assess evidence quality.ResultsThirty studies including 1,068,788 patients had female proportion of 41%. There was no association for female sex with survival to discharge (OR 1.03, 95% CI 0.95-1.12; I2 = 89%). Subgroup analysis of low risk of bias studies demonstrated increased survival to discharge for female sex (OR 1.20, 95% CI 1.18-1.23; I2 = 0%) and with high certainty, the absolute increase in survival was 2.2% (95% CI 0.1-3.6%). Female sex was not associated with survival to 30 days post-OHCA (OR 1.02, 95% CI 0.92-1.14; I2 = 79%).ConclusionsIn adult patients experiencing OHCA, with high certainty in the evidence from studies with low risk of bias, female sex had a small absolute difference for the outcome survival to discharge and no difference in survival at 30 days. Future models that aim to stratify risk of survival post-OHCA should focus on sex-specific factors as opposed to sex as an isolated prognostic factor.Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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