• Brandon G Smith, Stasa Tumpa, Orla Mantle, Charlotte J Whiffin, Harry Mee, SollaDavi J FontouraDJFNIHR Global Health Research Group on Neurotrauma, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Neurology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil., Wellingson S Paiva, NewcombeVirginia F JVFJUniversity Division of Anesthesia, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom., Angelos G Kolias, and Peter J Hutchinson.
• Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Addenbrooke's Hospital and University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
• J. Neurotrauma. 2022 Oct 1; 39 (19-20): 128913171289-1317.

AbstractTraumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Motivations for outcome data collection in TBI are threefold: to improve patient outcomes, to facilitate research, and to provide the means and methods for wider injury surveillance. Such data play a pivotal role in population health, and ways to increase the reliability of data collection following TBI should be pursued. As a result, technology-aided follow-up of patients with neurotrauma is on the rise; there is, therefore, a need to describe how such technologies have been used. A scoping review was conducted and reported using the PRISMA extension (PRISMA-ScR). Five electronic databases (Embase, MEDLINE, Global Health, PsycInfo, and Scopus) were searched systematically using keywords derived from the concepts of "telemedicine," "TBI," "outcome assessment," and "patient-generated health data." Forty studies described follow-up technologies (FUTs) utilizing telephones (52.5%, n = 21), short message service (SMS; 10%, n = 4), smartphones (22.5%, n = 9), videoconferencing (10%, n = 4), digital assistants (2.5%, n = 1), and custom devices (2.5%, n = 1) among cohorts of patients with TBI of varying injury severity. Where reported, clinical facilitators, remote follow-up timing and intervals between sessions, synchronicity of follow-up instances, proxy involvement, outcome measures utilized, and technology evaluation efforts are described. FUTs can aid more temporally sensitive assessments and capture fluctuating sequelae, a benefit of particular relevance to TBI cohorts. However, the evidence base surrounding FUTs remains in its infancy, particularly with respect to large samples, low- and middle-income patient cohorts, and the validation of outcome measures for deployment via such remote technology.

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