• Christopher L Robinson, Rosa S Kim, Michael Li, Qing Zhao Ruan, Sindhuja Surapaneni, Mark Jones, Daniel J Pak, and Warren Southerland.
• Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA. clrobin1@bidmc.harvard.edu.
• Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2022 Aug 1; 26 (8): 575-581.

Purpose Of ReviewThe purpose of this review is to examine the impact of smoking and its role on the development of chronic pain and provide a critical review of recent literature.Recent FindingsRecent studies demonstrate the bidirectional and dependent relationship between smoking and chronic pain. Those who are in pain have a more difficult time in the cessation of smoking as well as an increased sensitivity to pain during abstinence, lower confidence, and higher relapse rates. The fear of pain and the anxiety and depression that abstinence causes results in a grim outcome for long-term cessation. The dependent nature between chronic pain and smoking is affected by numerous variables. Providers should consider a multiprong approach to treating chronic pain and targeting smoking cessation treatment by providing motivational therapy, nicotine replacement, and medication therapies to prevent relapse, and providing those who are more likely to relapse with a higher level of care.© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.

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