• Cristina Maria Blebea, Laszlo Peter Ujvary, Violeta Necula, Maximilian George Dindelegan, Maria Perde-Schrepler, Mirela Cristina Stamate, Marcel Cosgarea, and Alma Aurelia Maniu.
• Department of Otorhinolaryngology, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj Napoca, Romania.
• Medicina (Kaunas). 2022 May 31; 58 (6).

AbstractHearing loss is the most common neurosensory disorder, and with the constant increase in etiological factors, combined with early detection protocols, numbers will continue to rise. Cochlear implantation has become the gold standard for patients with severe hearing loss, and interest has shifted from implantation principles to the preservation of residual hearing following the procedure itself. As the audiological criteria for cochlear implant eligibility have expanded to include patients with good residual hearing, more attention is focused on complementary development of otoprotective agents, electrode design, and surgical approaches. The focus of this review is current aspects of preserving residual hearing through a summary of recent trends regarding surgical and pharmacological fundamentals. Subsequently, the assessment of new pharmacological options, novel bioactive molecules (neurotrophins, growth factors, etc.), nanoparticles, stem cells, and gene therapy are discussed.

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