• Rosa Isela Barrera-Cortés, Erika Elizabeth Rodriguez-Torres, Enrique Vázquez-Mendoza, Jesús Carlos Ruvalcaba-Ledezma, Luis Enrique Soria-Jasso, Mario Isidoro Ortiz, and Eduardo Fernández-Martínez.
• MD, MPH. Family Medicine Specialty Student, Department of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo (UAEH), Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico.
• Sao Paulo Med J. 2022 Jul 1; 140 (4): 574-582.

BackgroundIn Latin America, liver cancer is one of the top causes of cancer mortality. It is the fifth most common cause of death among malignant tumors in Mexico and is the leading cause in Hidalgo State (43.8% of the population living in poverty).ObjectiveTo conduct a correlational analysis on the main risk factors for liver cancer in Hidalgo State, Mexico, including municipal disaggregation and comparison with the national level.Design And SettingCross-sectional, correlational, descriptive and comparative epidemiological study using Mexican governmental databases covering 1990-2019.MethodsA comprehensive review of the databases of the General Directorate of Health Information (DGIS) was performed to analyze official death figures, hospital discharges and national and municipal population projections, using specific search criteria defined in the Global Burden of Disease classification, based on the risk factors for liver cancer.ResultsLiver cancer rates showed an evident rise in Hidalgo (183%), moving from 21st place in Mexico in 1990 to 9th place in 2019. This increase was correlated with alcoholism. An increasing trend for liver cancer deaths, of 133.89%, is projected for 2030. Females and the population over 60 years of age are more affected. There are some critical regions with liver cancer death rates twice the national rate or more.ConclusionTargeted effective public health strategies should be structured by identifying, characterizing and regionalizing critical marginalized municipalities that are vulnerable to alcoholism and other risk factors for liver cancer. This approach may be helpful for other states in Mexico or similar countries.

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