• Mauro Costagli, Caterina Lapucci, Domenico Zacà, Nicolò Bruschi, Simona Schiavi, Lucio Castellan, Alto Stemmer, Luca Roccatagliata, and Matilde Inglese.
• Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Sciences (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genova, Italy.
• J Neuroimaging. 2022 Sep 1; 32 (5): 902909902-909.

Background And PurposeDouble inversion recovery (DIR) imaging is used in multiple sclerosis (MS) clinical protocols to improve the detection of cortical and juxtacortical gray matter lesions by nulling confounding signals originating from the cerebrospinal fluid and white matter. Achieving a high isotropic spatial resolution, to depict the neocortex and its typically small lesions, is challenged by the reduced signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) determined by multiple tissue signal nulling. Here, we evaluate both conventional and optimized DIR implementations to improve tissue contrast (TC), SNR, and MS lesion conspicuity.MethodsDIR images were obtained from MS patients and healthy controls using both conventional and prototype implementations featuring a T2-preparation module (T2P), to improve SNR and TC, as well as an image reconstruction routine with iterative denoising (ID). We obtained quantitative measures of SNR and TC, and evaluated the visibility of MS cortical, cervical cord, and optic nerve lesions in the different DIR images.ResultsDIR implementations adopting T2P and ID enabled improving the SNR and TC of conventional DIR. In MS patients, 34% of cortical, optic nerve, and cervical cord lesions were visible only in DIR images acquired with T2P, and not in conventional DIR images. In the studied cases, image reconstruction with ID did not improve lesion conspicuity.ConclusionsDIR with T2P should be preferred to conventional DIR imaging in protocols studying MS patients, as it improves SNR and TC and determines an improvement in cortical, optic nerve, and cervical cord lesion conspicuity.© 2021 The Authors. Journal of Neuroimaging published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society of Neuroimaging.

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