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- Fabricio Soares de Souza, Cristiano da Silva Marinho, Fabiano Botelho Siqueira, Christopher Gerard Maher, and Leonardo Oliveira Pena Costa.
- School of Physiotherapy, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, Brazil.
- Spine. 2008 Apr 20;33(9):1028-33.
Study DesignTranslation, cross-cultural adaptation, and psychometric testing of 2 questionnaires.ObjectiveThe objectives of this study were to translate and cross-culturally adapt the Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ) to Brazilian-Portuguese and to test the psychometric properties of the Brazilian-Portuguese versions of the FABQ and the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK).Summary Of Background DataSelf-report measures of fear-avoidance have been widely used in clinical practice and in research. To date there is no Brazilian-Portuguese version of the FABQ and the Brazilian-Portuguese TSK has not yet been comprehensively tested.MethodsThe FABQ was cross-culturally adapted after the recommendations from the Guidelines for the process of cross-cultural adaptation of self-report measures. The Brazilian-Portuguese versions of the FABQ and the TSK were tested for internal consistency, reproducibility, ceiling and floor effects, construct validity, and internal and external responsiveness.ResultsBoth instruments yielded high values for internal consistency and reproducibility [(Cronbach's alpha FABQ = 0.93 and TSK = 0.82) and (Intraclass Correlation Coefficient FABQ = 0.96 and TSK = 0.93)]. No ceiling and floor effects were detected in either questionnaire. The FABQ and TSK were highly correlated (r = 0.86) and they were moderately correlated with the pain numerical rating scale at baseline (r = 0.42 and r = 0.43, respectively) showing good construct validity. The TSK was shown to be more responsive than the FABQ in all internal and external responsiveness analyses.ConclusionBoth the Brazilian-Portuguese versions of the FABQ and the TSK are equally useful in terms of description and identification of patients with fear-avoidance behavior; however, in situations that clinicians or researchers aimed to use fear-avoidance as a follow-up measurement for treatment outcomes it seems that the TSK is the better option due to its better capacity to identify change over time.
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