• Kusum V Moray, Beena Joshi, Oshima Sachin, and Himanshu Chaurasia.
• Department of Operational Research, Health Technology Assessment Resource Hub, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Indian Council of Medical Research, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
• Indian J Med Res. 2022 Jan 1; 155 (1): 34-42.

Background & ObjectivesLack of costing data is a critical gap that exists in the field of family planning (FP) in India. The aim of this study was to estimate health system costs of FP in India for existing modern methods, and potential newer methods (etonorgestrel implant and levonorgestrel intrauterine device) and pregnancy-related services in India.MethodsA bottom-up micro-costing study was conducted in five public health facilities of an Indian State. Data of last one year were collected from existing hospital records and hospital staff was interviewed. Collected data were analyzed using standard costing methods.ResultsPackage costs of delivering FP services ranged from ₹ 807 (95% CI 685, 931) for condoms and ₹ 10,539 (8796, 12269) for tubal ligation. Estimates of etonorgestrel implant and levonorgestrel intrauterine system were ₹ 3,200 (2800, 3625) and 3,426 (3232, 3623). Cost of antenatal care along with vaginal delivery, caesarean and abortion were ₹ 10,916 (8744, 13078), 22,136 (17570, 26910) and 8,574 (6791, 10379), respectively. One way sensitivity analysis showed that the three most influential factors on the costs of FP services were prices of drugs and consumables, number of beneficiaries and health personnel cost.Interpretation & ConclusionsThe present study has generated package costs for FP and pregnancy-related services in India which could be used by publicly-funded insurance schemes, for budgeting, economic evaluations and improve resource allocation of services. The cost estimates from this study add to the limited literature in India on costs of FP.

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