• Shivani Joshi, Mehdi Khan, Maria B Jelen, and Anand S Pandit.
• University College London Medical School, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
• World Neurosurg. 2022 Oct 1; 166: e607e623e607-e623.

ObjectiveHow attitudes toward neuroanatomy and preferences of studying resources vary among neurosurgeons is unknown. The impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on anatomy learning habits is also yet to be elucidated. In this study, we explore these objectives, to guide the development of future neurosurgeon-tailored anatomy education and resources.MethodsThis was a 2-stage, cross-sectional study design comprising a local pilot survey followed by a structured 17-item questionnaire, distributed to both neurosurgical trainees and consultants. Grade and nationality differences in sentiment agreement were statistically compared.ResultsA total of 365 responses were received from 32 countries (overall response rate, 23.2%). Neuroanatomy is highly regarded among most neurosurgeons and takes a central role in their professional identity. Yet, 69% of neurosurgeons wanted to spend more time learning. Common study prompts included perceived operative complexity, lack of familiarity and teaching. Financial barriers and motivation were obstacles limiting neuroanatomy learning, more so among trainee neurosurgeons, with personal commitment barriers significantly varying with geographic location. Surgical relevance, accessibility, and image quality were important factors when selecting anatomy resources, with cost and up-to-datedness being important for juniors. The COVID-19 pandemic saw a shift toward virtual resources, particularly affecting United Kingdom-based trainees.ConclusionsAlthough neuroanatomy is well regarded, barriers exist that impede further neuroanatomy learning. Neurosurgical training programs should tailor anatomy education according to the seniority and background of their residents. Furthermore, resources that are surgically relevant and accessible and are of high image quality are more likely to be better used.Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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