• Torsten Doenst, Holger Thiele, Jörg Haasenritter, Thorsten Wahlers, Steffen Massberg, and Axel Haverich.
• Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery at Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University of Jena; University Department of Cardiology, Leipzig Heart Center; Department of General Practice, Preventive and Rehabilitation Medicine, Philipps University of Marburg; Department of Heart Surgery, Intensive Care Medicine and Thoracic Surgery at University Hospital of Cologne; Medical Clinic and Polyclinic I, University Hospital of Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK); Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hanover Medical School.
• Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2022 Oct 21; 119 (42): 716723716-723.

BackgroundThe first coronary artery bypass operation (CABG) was performed on May 2, 1960. The first percutaneous coro - nary intervention (PCI) was performed almost 20 years later. Since then, the invasive treatment of coronary artery disease (CAD) has moved into the spotlight of cardiac medical care.MethodsWe summarize the current status of medical and invasive CAD treatment through a selective review of the literature.ResultsMore than 800 000 patients currently undergo invasive diagnostic and therapeutic procedures for CAD in Germany each year. The number of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) procedures rose to 65 000/year by the turn of the millennium and has been declining since then. In contrast, the number of PCIs in Germany rose to approximately 350 000/year by 2017, and a beginning decline is being observed at present. This development occurred even though, for elective patients, a survival advantage from an invasive procedure compared to medical therapy has been shown in direct comparison only for CABG.ConclusionConservative treatment is always the baseline treatment and has undergone major advances in the last few decades. Moreover, non-invasive coronary evaluation with computed tomography, as well as non-invasive cardiac stress imaging studies, are increasingly replacing primary invasive coronary evaluations. In this review, we illustrate a mechanistic concept of the appropriate use of CABG and PCI that can improve patient care, while underscoring the importance of interdisciplinary and intersectoral collaboration.

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