• Eleonore S V de Sonnaville, Hennie Knoester, Terheggen-LagroSuzanne W JSWJAmsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergy, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development & Infe, Marsh Kӧnigs, Jaap Oosterlaan, and van WoenselJob B MJBMAmsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Intensive Care, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Ams.
• Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Intensive Care, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
• Pediatr Crit Care Me. 2022 Oct 1; 23 (10): 801-811.

ObjectivesBronchiolitis is a common indication for mechanical ventilation in the PICU. Both bronchiolitis and invasive mechanical ventilation may cause adverse long-term pulmonary outcomes. This study investigates children with a history of invasive mechanical ventilation for bronchiolitis, addressing: 1) the extent, 2) potential explanatory factors, and 3) possible impact on daily life activities of adverse long-term pulmonary outcomes.DesignSingle-center cohort study.SettingOutpatient PICU follow-up clinic.PatientsChildren 6-12 years old with a history of invasive mechanical ventilation for bronchiolitis (age < 2 yr).InterventionsNone.Measurements And Main ResultsLong-term pulmonary outcomes were assessed by a standardized questionnaire and by spirometry. Nineteen out of 74 included children (26%) had adverse long-term pulmonary outcomes, of whom the majority had asthma (14/74, 19%). By logistic regression analysis, we assessed whether background characteristics and PICU-related variables were associated with long-term pulmonary outcomes. In general, we failed to identify any explanatory factors associated with adverse long-term pulmonary outcomes. Nonetheless, atopic disease in family and longer duration of invasive mechanical ventilation (days) were associated with greater odds of having asthma at follow-up (odds ratio, 6.4 [95% CI, 1.2-36.0] and 1.3 [95% CI, 1.0-1.7], respectively). Adverse pulmonary outcome at follow-up was associated with more frequent use of pulmonary medication after PICU discharge. In comparison with those without adverse pulmonary outcomes, we did not identify any difference in frequency of sports performance or school absenteeism.ConclusionsIn this single-center cohort, one-quarter of the children attending follow-up with a history of invasive mechanical ventilation for bronchiolitis had adverse, mostly previously undetected, long-term pulmonary outcomes at 6-12 years. Atopic disease in family and longer duration of invasive mechanical ventilation were associated with presence of asthma. The presence of adverse pulmonary outcomes was associated with more frequent use of pulmonary medication after PICU discharge.Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies.

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