• Masoumeh Amin-Esmaeili, Behrang Shadloo, Afarin Rahimi-Movaghar, Seyed Mehdi Samimi Ardestani, Ahmad Hajebi, Shahab Khatibzadeh, Vandad Sharifi, Roya Samadi, Mohammad Taghi Yasamy, Mehran Zarghami, Farshad Farzadfar, and Saeid Shahraz.
• Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
• Arch Iran Med. 2022 May 1; 25 (5): 329-338.

AbstractOne in eight adults in Iran is estimated to have major depressive disorder (MDD) - a leading cause of disability in the country. Many remain undiagnosed, and some receive only partial treatment. An estimated 60% of those with MDD were reported to have received no treatment during the past year. In this paper, we have critically reviewed the current health-care structure in the country along with prevailing patterns of health-care service utilization. We have addressed the role of psychiatrists, general practitioners (GPs), psychologists, and other health-care personnel in the treatment and care of patients with MDD, with an emphasis on the quality of service provision. In addition, the strengths and weaknesses of primary healthcare (PHC), the health insurance system, and inpatient care have been discussed. We have paid attention to the contextual issues such as mental health literacy, stigma, and healthcare inequity where relevant. Finally, practical recommendations have been provided to improve the quality of care for patients with MDD in Iran.© 2022 The Author(s). This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons. org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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