• Ines Lakbar, Louis Delamarre, Sharon Einav, and Marc Leone.
• Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Unit, Aix Marseille University, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux Universitaires de Marseille, Nord Hospital, Marseille, France.
• Curr Opin Crit Care. 2022 Oct 1; 28 (5): 503512503-512.

Purpose Of ReviewThe incidence of infective endocarditis (IE) is increasing worldwide, resulting in a higher number of patients with IE being admitted to intensive care units (ICU). Nearly half of patients with IE develop a complication during their clinical course. However, few well conducted studies or reviews are devoted to critically ill IE patients. This review discusses the contemporary perioperative and intensive care literature.Recent FindingsIE epidemiology is changing towards elderly and frail patients. ICU patients are at risk of risk of developing IE because they are often in a pro-inflammatory state and many also have several indwelling catheters, which favors infection. Increased performance and recent advances in cardiac imaging allow for easier diagnosis of EI, but the applicability of these techniques to ICU patients is still relatively limited. New developments in antibiotic treatment and adjunctive therapies are explored further in this review.SummaryThe lack of evidence on ICU patients with IE highlights the critical importance of multidisciplinary decision-making and the need for further research.Copyright © 2022 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

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