• María Martínez-Martínez, Francesc Xavier Nuvials, and Jordi Riera.
• Intensive Care Department. Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron.
• Curr Opin Crit Care. 2022 Oct 1; 28 (5): 480485480-485.

Purpose Of The ReviewThe aim of this review is to present the latest evidence regarding the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of nosocomial infections during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support.Recent FindingsNew descriptive data from the Extracorporeal Life Support Organisation (ELSO) registry and single centre studies have been published. In parallel, there is an increase in the availability of evidence about the diagnostic accuracy of infection markers, yield of routine cultures, effectivity of antibiotic prophylaxis and other preventive measures.SummaryECMO is a rescue therapy for severe hemodynamic or respiratory failure. Nosocomial infections on ECMO support are frequent (infection rate ranging between 20.5% to more than 50% of ECMO runs) and have impact in survival, with reported increases in the risk of death up to 63% in infected patients. However, diagnosis and treatment are challenging, as the unique relationship between patient and circuit may act as a confounder for infection and exacerbate the variability of antibiotic pharmacokinetics in critical illness. Clinical practice regarding antibiotic treatment and infection prevention is not yet supported by high-quality evidence.Copyright © 2022 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

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