• HeinesSerge J HSJH0000-0001-7672-4177Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, P. Debyelaan 25, P.O. Box 5800, 6202, AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands. s.heines@mumc.nl., Sebastiaan A M de Jongh, Ulrich Strauch, van der HorstIwan C CICC0000-0003-3891-8522Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, P. Debyelaan 25, P.O. Box 5800, 6202, AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands.Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht, van de PollMarcel C GMCG0000-0002-3302-4063Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, P. Debyelaan 25, P.O. Box 5800, 6202, AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands.Department of Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, P., and BergmansDennis C J JDCJJ0000-0002-4224-6426Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, P. Debyelaan 25, P.O. Box 5800, 6202, AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands.School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NU.
• Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, P. Debyelaan 25, P.O. Box 5800, 6202, AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands. s.heines@mumc.nl.
• BMC Anesthesiol. 2022 Aug 15; 22 (1): 258.

BackgroundElectrical impedance tomography (EIT) visualises alveolar overdistension and alveolar collapse and enables optimisation of ventilator settings by using the best balance between alveolar overdistension and collapse (ODCL). Besides, the global inhomogeneity index (GI), measured by EIT, may also be of added value in determining PEEP. Optimal PEEP is often determined based on the best dynamic compliance without EIT at the bedside. This study aimed to assess the effect of a PEEP trial on ODCL, GI and dynamic compliance in patients with and without ARDS. Secondly, PEEP levels from "optimal PEEP" approaches by ODCL, GI and dynamic compliance are compared.MethodsIn 2015-2016, we included patients with ARDS using postoperative cardiothoracic surgery patients as a reference group. A PEEP trial was performed with four consecutive incremental followed by four decremental PEEP steps of 2 cmH2O. Primary outcomes at each step were GI, ODCL and best dynamic compliance. In addition, the agreement between ODCL, GI, and dynamic compliance was determined for the individual patient.ResultsTwenty-eight ARDS and 17 postoperative cardiothoracic surgery patients were included. The mean optimal PEEP, according to best compliance, was 10.3 (±2.9) cmH2O in ARDS compared to 9.8 (±2.5) cmH2O in cardiothoracic surgery patients. Optimal PEEP according to ODCL was 10.9 (±2.5) in ARDS and 9.6 (±1.6) in cardiothoracic surgery patients. Optimal PEEP according to GI was 17.1 (±3.9) in ARDS compared to 14.2 (±3.4) in cardiothoracic surgery patients.ConclusionsCurrently, no golden standard to titrate PEEP is available. We showed that when using the GI, PEEP requirements are higher compared to ODCL and best dynamic compliance during a PEEP trial in patients with and without ARDS.© 2022. The Author(s).

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