• Amy L Xu, Amit Jain, and Casey Jo Humbyrd.
• From the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD (Xu, Jain).
• J. Am. Coll. Surg. 2022 Sep 1; 235 (3): 539-543.

AbstractAs surgical care continues to transition to an outpatient setting, ambulatory surgery centers (ASCs) present favorable options for physician investment. As of 2017, more than 90% of ASCs have at least some physician ownership, with 64% solely physician-owned. Yet, physician ownership creates an inherent conflict of interest known as dual agency, where clinicians have a personal financial stake in addition to their obligation towards patient well-being. Here, we assess the ethical considerations surrounding dual agency in the setting of ASCs through the lens of beneficence, nonmaleficence, autonomy, and justice. We further propose strategies for appropriate navigation of such situations, including disclosure of ownership status, instruction on unfamiliar techniques, and adherence to accepted clinical practice guidelines for materials selection and surgical indications.Copyright © 2022 by the American College of Surgeons. Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

8 keywords...

hide…