• Hyesun Lee, Jong Hyun Jeon, Hojin Choi, Seong-Ho Koh, Kyu-Yong Lee, Young Joo Lee, and Hyuk Sung Kwon.
• Department of Neurology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, Republic of Korea.
• Medicine (Baltimore). 2022 Sep 2; 101 (35): e30464.

RationaleCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a global pandemic and COVID-19-associated anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis may occur through an immune-mediated pathomechanism.Patient ConcernsA 21-year-old woman with a history of COVID-19 presented to our hospital with memory decline and psychiatric symptoms.DiagnosisThe patient was diagnosed with anti-NMDAR encephalitis.InterventionIntravenous methylprednisolone (1 g/day over 5 days) followed by immunoglobulin (0.4 g/kg/day over 5 days) were administered. The patient underwent laparoscopic salpingo-oophorectomy to remove an ovarian teratoma.OutcomesThe patient was discharged with sequelae of short-term memory impairment, without other neuropsychiatric symptoms.LessonsCases of previously reported anti-NMDAR encephalitis with COVID-19 were reviewed and compared with the present case. Clinicians should be aware of the occurrence of anti-NMDAR encephalitis in patients who present with neuropsychiatric complaints during or after exposure to COVID-19. Further studies are required to determine the causal relationship between the 2 diseases and predict the prognosis of anti-NMDAR encephalitis after COVID-19 exposure.Copyright © 2022 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

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