• Jan Hartvigsen, Steven J Kamper, and Simon D French.
• Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Center for Muscle and Joint Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark.
• Pain Pract. 2022 Sep 1; 22 Suppl 2: 65-70.

BackgroundLow-value care that wastes resources and harms patients is prevalent in health systems everywhere.MethodsAs part of an invited keynote presentation at the Pain in Motion IV conference held in Maastricht, Holland, in May 2022, we reviewed evidence for low-value care in musculoskeletal conditions and discussed possible solutions.ResultsDrivers of low-value care are diverse and affect patients, clinicians, and health systems everywhere. We show that low-value care for back pian, neck pain, and osteoarthritis is prevalent in all professional groups involved in caring for people who seek care for these conditions. Implementation efforts that aim to reverse low-value care seem to work better if designed using established conceptual and theoretical frameworks.ConclusionLow-value care is prevalent in the care of people with musculoskeletal conditions. Reducing low-value care requires behaviour change among patients and clinicians as well as in health systems. There is evidence that behaviour change can be facilitated through good conceptual and theoretical frameworks but not convincing evidence that it changes patient outcomes.© 2022 The Authors. Pain Practice published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of World Institute of Pain.

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