• US Preventive Services Task Force, Carol M Mangione, Michael J Barry, Wanda K Nicholson, Michael Cabana, David Chelmow, Tumaini Rucker Coker, Esa M Davis, Katrina E Donahue, Carlos Roberto Jaén, Martha Kubik, Li Li, Gbenga Ogedegbe, Lori Pbert, John M Ruiz, James Stevermer, and John B Wong.
• University of California, Los Angeles.
• JAMA. 2022 Sep 27; 328 (12): 124312491243-1249.

ImportanceSyphilis is a sexually transmitted infection that can progress through different stages (primary, secondary, latent, and tertiary) and cause serious health problems if left untreated. Reported cases of primary and secondary syphilis in the US increased from a record low of 2.1 cases per 100 000 population in 2000 and 2001 to 11.9 cases per 100 000 population in 2019. Men account for the majority of cases (83% of primary and secondary syphilis cases in 2019), and rates among women nearly tripled from 2015 to 2019.ObjectiveTo reaffirm its 2016 recommendation, the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) commissioned a reaffirmation evidence update focusing on targeted key questions evaluating the performance of risk assessment tools and the benefits and harms of screening for syphilis in nonpregnant adolescents and adults.PopulationAsymptomatic, nonpregnant adolescents and adults who have ever been sexually active and are at increased risk for syphilis infection.Evidence AssessmentUsing a reaffirmation process, the USPSTF concludes with high certainty that there is a substantial net benefit of screening for syphilis infection in nonpregnant persons who are at increased risk for infection.RecommendationThe USPSTF recommends screening for syphilis infection in persons who are at increased risk for infection. (A recommendation).

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