• Moeko Murano Morikawa, Masanori Harada, Ei Kishimoto, Kosuke Suzuki, Emiko Nakagawa, Toshiya Hiramatsu, Shogo Nakai, Yurina Murakami, Koji Nishimoto, Sayomi Matsushima, Tomohiro Uto, and Shiro Imokawa.
• Department of Respiratory Medicine, Iwata City Hospital, Iwata, Shizuoka Province, Japan.
• Medicine (Baltimore). 2022 Sep 30; 101 (39): e30806e30806.

RationaleThe relationship between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and eosinophilic inflammation is unclear. According to recent studies, it has been suggested that T helper 2 cell responses play a role in the inhibition of RA. It is unclear how the immunological response after coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) vaccination affects T cell immune reactions.Patient Concerns And DiagnosesHere, we report the case of an 88-year-old woman diagnosed with RA and chronic eosinophilic pneumonia (CEP). She was diagnosed with CEP about 20 years ago, and, through steroid treatment, she improved and had no relapse for 16 years. At the time of diagnosis of CEP, the rheumatoid factor (RF) was increased; however, there were no joint symptoms. After receiving the COVID-19 vaccine, joint and respiratory symptoms gradually worsened. Laboratory examinations showed increased RF, anti-cyclin citrullinated peptide antibody, and peripheral absolute eosinophil count. Musculoskeletal ultrasonography showed synovitis.Intervention And OutcomeMethylprednisolone pulse therapy improved respiratory and joint symptoms immediately; RA and CEP stabilized with no relapses.LessonsEosinophilic and rheumatoid reactions following COVID-19 vaccination were an-reported adverse events. Eosinophilic inflammation might be reflected on an anti-inflammatory reaction in initial phase of RA.Copyright © 2022 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

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