• Ahmed Mohamed Elhaddad, Mohamed Farouk Youssef, Abdelhay Abdelgayed Ebad, Mohamed Sabry Abdelsalam, and Mohamed Maher Kamel.
• Department of Anesthesia, Kasr Alainy, Cairo University/Abo Elreesh Children's Hospital, via Al Kasr Al Aini, Old Cairo, Cairo Governorate, Egypt. Electronic address: drblacksmith5@kasralainy.edu.eg.
• J. Cardiothorac. Vasc. Anesth. 2022 Dec 1; 36 (12): 435743634357-4363.

ObjectivesTo compare the effects of 3 ventilation strategies during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) on arterial oxygenation and postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs).DesignA prospective, randomized, controlled study.SettingA single-center tertiary teaching hospital.ParticipantsOne hundred twenty pediatric patients undergoing elective repair of congenital acyanotic heart diseases with CPB.InterventionsPatients were assigned randomly into 3 groups according to ventilation strategy during CPB as follows: (1) no mechanical ventilation (NOV), (2) continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) of 5 cmH2O, (3) low tidal volume (LTV), pressure controlled ventilation (PCV), respiratory rate (RR) 20-to-30/min, and peak inspiratory pressure adjusted to keep tidal volume (Vt) 2 mL/kg.Measurements And Main ResultsThe PaO2/fraction of inspired oxygen (FIO2) ratio and PaO2 were higher in the 5 minutes postbypass period in the LTV group but were nonsignificant. The PaO2/FIO2 ratio and PaO2 were significant after chest closure and 1 hour after arrival to the intensive care unit with a higher PaO2/FIO2 ratio and PaO2 in the LTV group. Regarding the oxygenation index, the LTV group was superior to the NOV group at the 3 time points, with lower values in the LTV group. There were no significant differences in the predictive indices among the 3 groups, including the extubation time, and postoperative intensive care unit stays days. The incidence of PPCs did not significantly differ among the 3 groups.ConclusionsMaintaining ventilation during CPB was associated with better oxygenation and did not reduce the incidence of PPCs in pediatric patients undergoing cardiac surgery.Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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