• Medicine · Sep 2022

    Time trends and geographic distribution of hepatocellular carcinoma in Brazil: An ecological study.

    • Elizabeth Balbi, Jessica Pronestino de Lima Moreira, Ronir Raggio Luiz, PerezRenata de MelloRMD'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Botafogo, Rio de Janeiro 22281-100, Brazil.Department of Clinical Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-913, Brazil., and de SouzaHeitor Siffert PereiraHSP0000-0002-3647-7324D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Botafogo, Rio de Janeiro 22281-100, Brazil.Department of Clinical Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-913, Brazil..
    • D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Botafogo, Rio de Janeiro 22281-100, Brazil.
    • Medicine (Baltimore). 2022 Sep 23; 101 (38): e30614.

    AbstractThe incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is increasing globally, and HCC is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death. This ecological study aimed to investigate the time trends and geographic distribution of HCC in Brazil. Data from the Brazilian Health Public System were retrospectively collected from January 2005 to December 2018. Hospitalization and intrahospital lethality rates for HCC were stratified by age and sex. Hospitalization rates and associated lethality per 100,000 inhabitants in each municipality were included in a worksheet to build maps displaying the estimates and the geographic distribution of HCC. From 2005 to 2018, a total of 75,466 admissions for HCC were registered and the mean hospitalizations increased from 2.1 to 5.8/100,000 inhabitants (176%). The greatest increase occurred among patients older than 50, particularly in males above 70 years old. Prevalence rates increased throughout the country, with the highest levels detected in the South and Southeast. However, the increase was proportionally higher in the Northeast (377%), especially in municipalities not integrated into metropolitan regions. The HCC lethality rate remained relatively stable in both sexes, ranging from 21% to 25% (19%), but it was higher among older patients. The length of hospital stay did not differ between survivors and nonsurvivors throughout the study period. HCC hospitalizations are rising, particularly above 50 years of age and in rural areas, not paralleled by lethality rates. This suggests ongoing changes in environmental and socioeconomic factors in Brazil.Copyright © 2022 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

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