• M Prinsloo, K Hunter, R Matzopoulos, E Millett, S Van As, E Jordaan, and M M Peden.
• Burden of Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa; Institute for Lifecourse Development, Faculty of Education, Health and Human Sciences, University of Greenwich, London, UK. megan.prinsloo@mrc.ac.za.
• S. Afr. Med. J. 2022 Jul 1; 112 (7): 465-471.

BackgroundIn South Africa (SA), road traffic injuries, homicides and burns are the leading causes of injury-related deaths among children. Injury-related deaths are well documented for SA, but this is not the case for non-fatal injuries.ObjectivesTo describe the non-fatal injuries sustained among children aged 0 - 13 years, to identify any significant sex differences by age group, cause of injury, admission status and injury severity.MethodsThe trauma unit database from 1997 to 2016 at Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, Cape Town, was utilised for this analysis. The prevalence of injuries and the boy/girl ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were reported.ResultsAnalysis indicated significant differences by sex for individual injury causes (transport, assault, burns, falls and other injuries), age group, injury severity and admission status. Moderately severe injuries were largely caused by burns, while severe injuries were mostly transport related. Boys had significantly higher proportions of all injury causes. The boy/girl ratio was lowest for assault (1:18), where significantly more girls aged 1 - 3 and 4 - 6 years were injured. Rape/sexual assault was 5.5 times higher for girls, with a significantly higher proportion of moderate-severity injuries (87%; 95% CI 84.7 - 89.4).ConclusionThe study findings call for a more targeted prevention response for boy and girl children. Interventions should be targeted at the prevention of burns, traffic collisions and interpersonal violence, in particular sexual assaults against girls.

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