• William T Zempsky, Marsha Campbell-Yeo, Christine T Chambers, Lindsey L Cohen, Lucia Gagliese, KwokCharlie H TCHTDepartments of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, and Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta., Tuan Trang, Bonnie Stevens, Anna Taddio, Terri Voepel-Lewis, and Neil L Schechter.
• Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford, Connecticut; University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Hartford, Connecticut. Electronic address: wzempsk@connecticutchildrens.org.
• J Pain. 2023 Mar 1; 24 (3): 387402387-402.

AbstractNeedle procedures are among the most common causes of pain and distress for individuals seeking health care. While needle pain is especially problematic for children needle pain and associated fear also has significant impact on adults and can lead to avoidance of appropriate medical care. Currently there is not a standard definition of needle pain. A taxonomy, or classification system, for acute needle pain would aid research efforts and enhance clinical care. To meet this need, the Analgesic, Anesthetic, and Addiction Clinical Trial Translations, Innovations, Opportunities, and Networks public-private partnership with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, the American Pain Society, and the American Academy of Pain Medicine formed the Analgesic, Anesthetic, and Addiction Clinical Trial Translations, Innovations, Opportunities, and Networks-American Pain Society-American Academy of Pain Medicine Pain Taxonomy initiative. One of the goals of this initiative was to develop taxonomies for acute pain disorders, including needle pain. To accomplish this, a working group of experts in needle pain was convened. Based on available literature and expert opinion, the working group used a 5-dimenional structure (diagnostic criteria, common features, modulating factors, impact and/or functional consequences, and putative mechanisms) to develop an acute pain taxonomy that is specific needle pain. As part of this, a set of 4 diagnostic criteria, with 2 modifiers to account for the influence of needle associated fear, are proposed to define the types of acute needle pain. PERSPECTIVE: This article presents a taxonomy for acute needle pain. This taxonomy could help to standardize definitions of acute pain in clinical studies of patients undergoing needle procedures.Copyright © 2022 United States Association for the Study of Pain, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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