• Francesco Giallauria, Roberto Baratta, Francesco Costa, Domenico D'Amario, Luisa DE Gennaro, Simona Giubilato, Alessandro Mattina, Michele Provenzano, Domenico Santoro, and Francesco Versaci.
• Unit of Internal Medicine and Cardiac Rehabilitation, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
• Minerva Med. 2023 Jun 1; 114 (3): 345356345-356.

AbstractHeart failure (HF), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are some of the most important health problems of this century, and these three conditions often coexist, one worsening the prognosis of the other two. No disease is more important than the others in the composition of risk, which is significantly increased by their overlap. Thus, it would be more appropriate to refer to this cluster as cardio-nephro-metabolic syndrome. The aim of this review is to promote the development of an integrated multidisciplinary approach to the treatment of HF, T2DM and CKD in a perspective of paradigm shift from an individual management among different specialists to a shared one. Nowadays, this is achievable thanks to telemedicine and optimized therapy consisting in the new drugs with pleiotropic effect available today. The need is to have technological solutions, which also include telemedicine, for the management of patients affected by all three diseases to consider their fragility, sometimes due to a wrong, partial, or incomplete treatment. Multicentric, multidisciplinary trials on cardio-nephro-metabolic syndrome and new telemedicine/telemonitoring technologies could help place the chronic and fragile patient at the center of such multidimensionally integrated care.

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