• Jonathan Koffman, Sabrina Bajwah, Joanna M Davies, and Jamilla Akhter Hussain.
• University of Hull, Hull York Medical School, Wolfson Palliative Care Research Centre, Hull, UK.
• Palliat Med. 2023 Apr 1; 37 (4): 530542530-542.

BackgroundPalliative care access, experiences and outcomes of care disadvantage those from ethnically diverse, Indigenous, First nation and First people communities. Research into this field of inquiry raises unique theoretical, methodological, and moral issues. Without the critical reflection of methods of study and reporting of findings, researchers may inadvertently compromise their contribution to reducing injustices and perpetuating racism.AimTo examine key evidence of the place of minoritised communities in palliative care research to devise recommendations that improve the precision and rigour of research and reporting of findings.MethodsNarrative review of articles identified from PubMed, CINAHL and Google Scholar for 10 years augmented with supplementary searches.ResultsWe identified and appraised 109 relevant articles. Four main themes were identified (i) Lack of precision when working with a difference; (ii) 'black box epidemiology' and its presence in palliative care research; (iii) the inclusion of minoritised communities in palliative care research; and (iv) the potential to cause harm. All stymie opportunities to 'level up' health experiences and outcomes across the palliative care spectrum.ConclusionsBased on the findings of this review palliative care research must reflect on and justify the classification of minoritised communities, explore and understand intersectionality, optimise data quality, decolonise research teams and methods, and focus on reducing inequities to level up end-of-life care experiences and outcomes. Palliative care research must be forthright in explicitly indentifying instances of structural and systemic racism in palliative care research and engaging in non-judgemental debate on changes required.

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