• Alice Dejoux, Luc de Chaisemartin, Pierre Bruhns, Dan Longrois, and Aurélie Gouel-Chéron.
• From the Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Unit of Antibodies in Therapy and Pathology, Inserm UMR1222 (AD, LdC, PB, AGC), Immunology Department, DMU BIOGEM, Bichat Hospital, AP-HP (LdC), Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Inflammation, Microbiome and Immunosurveillance, Châtenay-Malabry (LdC), Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine Department, DMU PARABOL, Bichat Hospital, AP-HP (DL, AGC), Université de Paris, FHU PROMICE (DL), Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine Department, DMU PARABOL, Bichat-Claude Bernard and Louis Mourier Hospitals, APHP (DL), INSERM1148, Paris, France (DL), and Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA (AGC).
• Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2023 Feb 1; 40 (2): 9510495-104.

AbstractAcute hypersensitivity reactions (AHRs) occurring in present-day anaesthesia can have severe, sometimes fatal, consequences and their incidence is increasing. The most frequent allergens responsible for AHR during anaesthesia are neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs) (70% of the cases) followed by antibiotics (18%), patent blue dye and methylene blue dye (5%), and latex (5%). Following an AHR, strategies for subsequent anaesthetic procedures (especially the choice of an NMBA) may be difficult to formulate due to inconclusive diagnostic analysis in up to 30% of AHRs. Current diagnosis of AHR relies on the detection of mast cell degranulation products and drug-specific type E immunoglobulins (IgE) in order to document an IgE-mediated anaphylaxis (IgE endotype). Nonetheless, other IgE-independent pathways can be involved in AHR, but their detection is not currently available in standard situations. The different mechanisms (endotypes) involved in peri-operative AHR may contribute to the inconclusive diagnostic work-up and this generates uncertainty concerning the culpable drug and strategy for subsequent anaesthetic procedures. This review provides details on the IgE endotype; an update on non-IgE related endotypes and the novel diagnostic tools that could characterise them. This detailed update is intended to provide explicit clinical reasoning tools to the anaesthesiologist faced with an incomplete AHR diagnostic work-up and to facilitate the decision-making process regarding anaesthetic procedures following an AHR to NMBAs.Copyright © 2022 European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care. Unauthorized reproduction of this article is prohibited.

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