• Sara Sakowitz, Arjun Verma, Russyan Mark Mabeza, Nam Yong Cho, Joseph Hadaya, Paul Toste, and Peyman Benharash.
• Cardiovascular Outcomes Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, Calif.
• J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 2023 Apr 1; 165 (4): 15771584.e11577-1584.e1.

ObjectiveSafety-net hospitals (SNHs) have previously been associated with inferior outcomes and greater resource use. However, this relationship has not been explored in the contemporary setting of pulmonary lobectomy. In the present national study we characterized the association between SNHs and mortality, complications, and resource use.MethodsAll adults (18 years of age or older) who underwent elective lobectomy for lung cancer were identified within the 2010 to 2019 Nationwide Readmissions Database. Hospitals in the highest quartile of safety-net burden were categorized as SNHs, and others non-SNHs. Multivariable regressions were developed to assess the independent association between safety-net status and outcomes of interest.ResultsOf an estimated 282,011 patients who met inclusion criteria, 41,015 (14.5%) were treated at SNHs. Patients at SNHs were younger but as commonly female, compared with non-SNHs. After multivariable adjustment, there was no association between SNHs and mortality. However, treatment at SNHs was linked to higher odds of pneumonia (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.11; 95% CI, 1.02-1.21) and prolonged ventilation (AOR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.11-1.66), as well as infectious (AOR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.08-1.43), intraoperative (AOR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.07-1.39), and overall complications (AOR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.01-1.14). Patients at SNHs also showed a greater need for a blood transfusion (AOR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.23-1.53). In addition, SNHs were associated with increased length of stay (+0.33 days; 95% CI, 0.17-0.48) and greater costs (+$4130; 95% CI, 3.34-4.92), relative to non-SNHs.ConclusionsHospital safety-net status was associated with greater odds of perioperative complications and greater health care expenditure. Further investigation is necessary uncover the mechanisms contributing to these complications and eradicate persistent disparities in lobectomy.Copyright © 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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