• Iuliana Iordan, Minodora Onisâi, Ana-Maria Vlădăreanu, Cristina Mambet, Elena Cristina Marinescu, Raluca Nistor, and Horia Bumbea.
• Department of Hematology, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Emergency University Hospital of Bucharest, 050098 Bucharest, Romania.
• Medicina (Kaunas). 2022 Oct 28; 58 (11).

AbstractATL is a rare but a highly aggressive T-cell neoplasm associated with human T-cell leukemia virus-1 (HTLV-1) infection. Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-1) is a oncogenic retrovirus responsible for the development of adult T-cell leukemia (ATL), but also for other non-malignant diseases, such as HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). HTLV-1 has a higher prevalence in Japan, the Caribbean, South America, intertropical Africa, Romania, and northern Iran. ATL patients can have an extensive spectrum of neurological manifestations. Numerous factors can be implicated, such as central nervous system infiltrates, neurolymphomatosis, complications to medication or allogeneic stem cell transplantation, HAM/TSP, infections, metabolic disturbances. The neurological complications are not always easy to recognize and treat. Thus, this review underlines the necessity of a multidisciplinary approach in ATL patients with neurological symptomatology.

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