• Olle Lönnemark, Mats Ryttlefors, and Jimmy Sundblom.
• Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden. Electronic address: lonnemark@gmail.com.
• World Neurosurg. 2023 Feb 1; 170: e313e323e313-e323.

ObjectiveCranioplasty with synthetic implant can be performed to restore function and form of the skull after resection of malignancy infiltrating the bone. The aim of this study was to examine the rate of implant failure and tumor recurrence in patients undergoing nonautologous cranioplasty and tumor resection.MethodsIn this retrospective single-center study, 48 patients were identified who had undergone cranioplasty with synthetic implants after tumor resection between 2010 and 2020. The medical records were analyzed to investigate patient demographics, surgery data, cranioplasty failure rates, and rate of tumor recurrence.ResultsCranioplasty failed in 8 patients. The median time to implant failure was 220 days with most failures occurring within 1 year (5 of 8). There was no significant difference in rate or time to failure between the different cranioplasty materials (P = 0.39). Low body mass index (P < 0.05), previous craniectomy/cranioplasty (P < 0.05), previous radiation therapy to the brain/skull (P < 0.05), and skin closure with sutures (P < 0.05) were associated with an increased risk of implant failure. Tumors recurred in 15 patients.ConclusionsCranioplasty surgery with synthetic implants carries a relatively high risk of failure, regardless of type of cranioplasty material used. Skin closure with staples may be beneficial in these patients.Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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