• Sheng-Hao Hsu, Han-Ting Liao, Rung-Shu Chen, Shang-Chan Chiu, Feng-Yu Tsai, Ming-Shu Lee, Chia-Yuan Hu, and Wan-Yu Tseng.
• Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
• J Formos Med Assoc. 2023 Mar 1; 122 (3): 230238230-238.

Background/PurposeTo investigate the surface characteristics of titanium (Ti) implant materials, which were coated with different thicknesses of nanoscale tin oxide (SnO2) using the atomic layer deposition technique, and evaluated its biological performance on human embryonic palatal mesenchyme (HEPM) cells.MethodsThe thickness of the coating layer on Ti was 0 (Ti0), 20 nm (Ti20), 50 nm (Ti50), and 100 nm (Ti100), respectively. The surface morphology was observed with an SEM and AFM. The root mean square roughness of micron-scale (mRq) and nanoroughness (nRq) of Ti discs' surface were measured. The Alamar blue (AB) assay and F-actin fluorescence staining were used to evaluate the biocompatibility, and the osteocalcin (OCN) was measured to clarify the differentiation of HEPM cells on materials.ResultsIn the coating groups, the mRq was decreased, but the nRq was increased. The spreading and polygonal morphology of HEPMs was apparent in coating groups. On Day 4, the survival rate of HEPM cells on Ti0 was higher than on Ti20 and Ti50. There was no significant difference on Day 7, Day 10, and Day 14. The OCN was significantly higher on Day 14 in all the coating groups than Ti0.ConclusionThe results showed that the cell growth was intensified with rough surfaces. However, the OCN and morphology change was prominent when the nanoroughness was increased, which meant the increased nanoroughness might enhance OCN production and improve the tendency of osseointegration. The nanoscale SnO2 coating could increase the ability of bone formation but not cell growth.Copyright © 2022 Formosan Medical Association. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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