• Shantanu Birje, Anushree Devashish Patil, Kiran Ramdas Munne, Vidya Chavan, Beena Nitin Joshi, Anamika Akula, Neha Salvi, Smitha Nair, Shahanara Prabhu Valawalkar, Deepti Tandon, Sanjay Chauhan, Devendra Patil, and Bontha V Babu.
• Department of Clinical Research, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive & Child Health, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
• Indian J Med Res. 2022 Aug 1; 156 (2): 319329319-329.

Background & ObjectivesNon-communicable diseases (NCDs) and cancers of breast, oral cavity and cervix contribute to around 5.87 million (60%) deaths in India. Despite this, there is limited evidence on preparedness of the tribal health system in mitigating these conditions. This mixed-methods study aimed at identifying enablers and challenges using a multistakeholder approach for the screening of NCDs and common cancers in a tribal block of Maharashtra, India.MethodsThis study was conducted in a tribal community of Dahanu taluka in Palghar district of Maharashtra. A total of nine focus group discussions (FGDs) among tribal women and accredited social health activists (ASHAs), 13 key informant interviews (KIIs) among auxiliary nurse midwives (ANMs) and community health officers (CHO) and facility surveys of five public health facilities were conducted. The FGDs and KIIs were conducted using guides, recorded digitally, transcribed, analyzed and triangulated to identify emerging themes.ResultsThe tribal women had limited knowledge about NCDs and common cancers. Paucity of health facilities, out-of-pocket expenditure, misconceptions, belief on traditional healers and inability to prioritize health were identified as major challenges. The ASHAs were recognized as a key connecting link between health system and community while provision of culturally appropriate IEC materials and adequate training were recognized as critical enablers by healthcare providers in implementing screening for NCDs and common cancers.Interpretation & ConclusionsThe study recommends incorporating socioculturally relevant strategies in the tribal population and strengthening health facilities in terms of infrastructure and training with involvement of ASHAs for successful implementation of the National Programme for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases and Stroke (NPCDCS) through health and wellness centres.

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