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Case Reports
Development of Acute Adult T-cell Leukemia Following PD-1 Blockade Therapy for Lung Cancer.
- Kyohei Misawa, Hajime Yasuda, Hironari Matsuda, Munechika Hara, Tomonori Ochiai, Daisuke Koyama, Hina Takano, Noriaki Iwao, and Michiaki Koike.
- Department of Hematology, Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital, Japan.
- Intern. Med. 2022 Jan 1; 61 (22): 342134243421-3424.
AbstractImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are widely used for the treatment of various cancers. However, paradoxical exacerbation of neoplasms, referred to as "hyperprogressive disease," has been reported in a proportion of patients treated with anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1)/PD-1 ligand (PD-L1) blockade. We herein report a case of acute adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) that developed shortly after the administration of nivolumab, a PD-1 inhibitor, to treat non-small-cell lung cancer. There were no signs of ATL before the administration of nivolumab, and seropositivity for human T-cell leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV-1) was confirmed after the development of acute ATL. We speculate that nivolumab likely contributed to the development of acute ATL.
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