• Daan F L Filippini, Elisa Di Gennaro, Rombout B E van Amstel, BeenenLudo F MLFMDepartment of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands., Salvatore Grasso, Luigi Pisani, BosLieuwe D JLDJDepartment of Intensive Care Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.Department of Pulmonology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.Laboratory of Experimental Inte, and Marry R Smit.
• Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. d.filippini@amsterdamumc.nl.
• Crit Care. 2022 Nov 25; 26 (1): 363363.

BackgroundPatients with COVID-19-related acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) require respiratory support with invasive mechanical ventilation and show varying responses to recruitment manoeuvres. In patients with ARDS not related to COVID-19, two pulmonary subphenotypes that differed in recruitability were identified using latent class analysis (LCA) of imaging and clinical respiratory parameters. We aimed to evaluate if similar subphenotypes are present in patients with COVID-19-related ARDS.MethodsThis is the retrospective analysis of mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19-related ARDS who underwent CT scans at positive end-expiratory pressure of 10 cmH2O and after a recruitment manoeuvre at 20 cmH2O. LCA was applied to quantitative CT-derived parameters, clinical respiratory parameters, blood gas analysis and routine laboratory values before recruitment to identify subphenotypes.Results99 patients were included. Using 12 variables, a two-class LCA model was identified as best fitting. Subphenotype 2 (recruitable) was characterized by a lower PaO2/FiO2, lower normally aerated lung volume and lower compliance as opposed to a higher non-aerated lung mass and higher mechanical power when compared to subphenotype 1 (non-recruitable). Patients with subphenotype 2 had more decrease in non-aerated lung mass in response to a standardized recruitment manoeuvre (p = 0.024) and were mechanically ventilated longer until successful extubation (adjusted SHR 0.46, 95% CI 0.23-0.91, p = 0.026), while no difference in survival was found (p = 0.814).ConclusionsA recruitable and non-recruitable subphenotype were identified in patients with COVID-19-related ARDS. These findings are in line with previous studies in non-COVID-19-related ARDS and suggest that a combination of imaging and clinical respiratory parameters could facilitate the identification of recruitable lungs before the manoeuvre.© 2022. The Author(s).

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