• Ri-Lan Zhang, Cui-Xia Pan, Chun-Li Tang, Lai-Jian Cen, Xiao-Xian Zhang, Yan Huang, Zhen-Hong Lin, Hui-Min Li, Xiao-Fen Zhang, Lei Wang, Wei-Jie Guan, and WangDe YunYDepartment of Otolaryngology, Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore..
• State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute for Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Zhongshan City People's Hospital, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China.
• Chest. 2023 May 1; 163 (5): 103810501038-1050.

BackgroundMotile ciliary disorder (MCD) has been implicated in chronic inflammatory airway diseases such as asthma and COPD.Research QuestionWhat are the characteristics of MCD of the nasal epithelium and its association with disease severity and inflammatory endotypes in adults with bronchiectasis?Study Design And MethodsIn this observational study, we recruited 167 patients with bronchiectasis and 39 healthy control participants who underwent brushing of the nasal epithelium. A subgroup of patients underwent bronchoscopy for bronchial epithelium sampling (n = 13), elective surgery for bronchial epithelium biopsy (n = 18), and blood sampling for next-generation sequencing (n = 37). We characterized systemic and airway inflammatory endotypes in bronchiectasis. We conducted immunofluorescence assays to profile ultrastructural (dynein axonemal heavy chain 5 [DNAH5], dynein intermediate chain 1 [DNAI1], radial spoke head protein 9 [RSPH9]) and ciliogenesis marker expression (Ezrin).ResultsMCD was present in 89.8% of patients with bronchiectasis, 67.6% showed secondary MCD, and 16.2% showed primary plus secondary MCD. Compared with healthy control participants, patients with bronchiectasis yielded abnormal staining patterns of DNAH5, DNAI1, and RSPH9 (but not Ezrin) that were more prominent in moderate to severe bronchiectasis. MCD pattern scores largely were consistent between upper and lower airways and between large-to-medium and small airways in bronchiectasis. Coexisting nasal diseases and asthma did not confound nasal ciliary ultrastructural marker expression significantly. The propensity of MCD was unaffected by the airway or systemic inflammatory endotypes. MCD, particularly an ultrastructural abnormality, was notable in patients with mild bronchiectasis who showed blood or sputum eosinophilia.InterpretationNasal ciliary markers profiling provides complimentary information to clinical endotyping of bronchiectasis.Copyright © 2022 American College of Chest Physicians. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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